LAD #37: Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka

African Americans during this time especially in the town of Topeka had to walk to get to their school. But on top of this, they were not even able to go to the school closest to them because this school was designated for "whites". Linda Brown was one girl who realized how unfair this was and so she and her parents wanted to apply to the white school. They were not allowed in and so took it to court. Marshall was chosen to be the lawyer for her and in court the decision was made in favor of the board of education because Plessy vs. Fergusson was a case before them therefore took precidence. But they repealed to the Supreme Court and it was here where it was declared that this was unfair and that infact the schools and this treatment was not at all equal. This idea of seperate but equal was now made unconstiutional and this idea was a huge landmark for the Aftican Americans and thier civil rights.

LAD #36: Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

President Truman asked Congress to pass a piece of legislation to help other European nationals survive against communism advancements. The nations were facing economic problems because they were unable to provide the money needed for their democratic goverenment to run agains the communistic ones and hold it back. They asked the United States for help because they did not even have enough money for food. they also wanted help with their farming methods and other ways to strengthen their economy.

LAD #35: FDR's Executive Order #9066

FDR's Executive Order #9066

This order was used during WWII in which Japanese Americans were placed in relocation camps or concentration camps. But they were not killed here, only moved to be surpervised. In these camps, they targeted primarily Japanese Americans because although at war with German and Italians,  the Japanese had actually attacked us. This showed the hatred towards the Japanese and how much of an effect the war and the bombing of Pearl Harbor had on all Americans. The camps were created in the mid west so they were at least not too far away from the coast where many had lived. 

LAD #34: FDR's Declaration of War

FDR's Declaration of War

On December 7, 1941, Japanese fighter planes came down and bombed Pearl Harbor killing 2,335 military soilders. Because of this attack which happened on terms thought to have been peaceful, Roosevelt immediatly went to Congress and gave one of the greatest speeches in American history. He started it with talking about the date which would live in infamy and how he looked toward fixing the pacific. But then he bagan talking about how this attack must have took much preparation and so the fake peace was not actually Japan's goal. But not only was Pearl Harbor attaked, islands including Guam, Wake Island, and the Phillippines were also attacked. Roosevelt ended with proclaiming that this comes down to war and America must fight to defend it's country. That day, December 8, war was declared on Japan.

LAD #33: FDR's First Inaugural Address

FDR's First Inaugural Address

FDR's inaugural address included him talking to the people about his idea of the "New Deal" program that was going to be started for the people. He was going to destroy all the bad machines that led to the economic state they were in and bring jobs to the people. He also decided that it was important to fix domestic trade and affairs before they worked on international ones although important too. But out of all the new things the FDR brought to American people, the most important ones were the government interference to create jobs for Americans and the end of laissez faire.

LAD #32: Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

 This pact was made after WWI for all the countries to sign to end war forever. It prohibited countries from using war to settle disputes between countries, an act of diplomacy. Although the intentions of this were good, the result was that they were unattainable and therefore when the treaty said that if a country violated this pact, they would not recieve the benefits. But in the end there were truly none anyways because the only way to go against the treaty would be going to war therefore going against the whole idea of the pact and ruining it. 

LAD #31: Wilson's 14 Points

Wilson's 14 Points

Wilsons fourteen points were points that he had created to try to bring to create the Treaty of Versailles that ended the Great War. These points were things like the peace amount the seas, and lots of ways to create peace between all the nations. It is also included things like all trade should be open to all euorpean countries. The last point was what was most important. This fourteenth point was the creation of the League of Nations. This league was created to try to keep peace between all the nations. But when Wilsons points were brought to the table, the Senate as well as other powers believed that they were not a success. The other powers made him change these because they belived they were not harsh enough to the Germans. In the end, only Wilson's fourteenth point of the League was put into the Treaty of Versailles and the Senate would not even allow for the United States to join it. 

LAD #30: Schenck vs. US

Schenck vs. US

In this Supreme Court case from 1919, it was decided that a judge could suspend someones freedom of speech if what they were saying caused danger or a clear threat to someone. This was put into action when Schnck and Baer were at trial and they claimed that they had the freedom of speech and so when they were oposing the draft to The Great War, that they were able and should be able to do this but it was decided that they were guilty because their freedom of speech was stopped and limited when they began causing harm by convincing people against the governement. 





LAD #29: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

This was put in place in 1916 to try to address and fix the problems going along with child labor. This bill would limit the amout of hours a child could work while on the job and would not allow certain products they made to go interstate. This bill stated and showed that over 1 million children worked in harsh conditions in their factory jobs across America as seen from the census of 1900. Different people including Lewis Hine would show these different abuses of children in photography and many other different methods including writing at any time during their job. But this act was declared unconstitutional in 1918 through the case Hammer vs. Dagenhart because it interupted the law preventing restrictions on interstate trade. 

LAD #28: Wilson's First Inaugural Address

Wilson's First Inaugural Address

In his Inaugural Address he talked about the shift from republican to democratic power under the presidency. At the midterm election this shift happened in the Senete but it was not until his election that it happened in the presidency as well. Wilson says that this shift will help the people because the rebulicans push for wealth and big buisness but this is not always a positive. He came up with goals to get rid of these problems by lowering the tariff, reforming the national banking system, reforming the corruption and oppressiveness of big business, stoping the pollution and waste in the nation, and reforming labor laws in order to better protect workers. He belived that this would better help the nation and people. 

LAD #27: Clayton Antitrust Act

Clayton Antitrust Act

The Clayton Antitrust Act was an add on to the the Sherman Antitrust Act. It was put in place to expand further on the Sherman one. The clayton one went farther with the prohibition of trusts by stating that both horizontal and vertical integration methods were both under the trust rules therefore could be controlled by the federal governement where the Sherman one could only take control of ones that were horizontally integrated. But the main difference and reason for the add on of this act was to make it so that the Sherman Antitrust Act could not be used agains the unions. It prohibited "excessive dealings" or the "tying" of products if it lessened competition. It also made it so that one person could not be the director of more than one of competiting coorporatings.

LAD #26: I Had A Dream Speech

I Had A Dream Speech



Martin Luther King Jr. was a powerful and influential speaker during his time. He had the "I had a dream" speech which was in front of the capital in order to talk to millions of Americans about racial equality and the fight for it. This speech was in response to the Emancipation Proclamation which was when blacks were declared equal. This speech was because although they were equal, they were still a slave to the whites. He knew that they were still discriminated against and knew it needed to change. He believed that the idea of freedom needs to include all races, and in order to achieve this violence cannot be used. He dreamed of a land where blacks and whites could walk together and live together in equality and a land where his children do not have to be afraid when out of the house. He also talked about how blacks and other races cannot dominate the whites either. They have to be equal and hand in hand other wise the nation cannot survive. When this is true, then he believed his dream would be fulfilled.

LAD #25: Dawes Act

Dawes Act

The Dawes Act was an act that split up and distributed land to the Indians. It first gave land to the head of all the house holds and then to different ages and orhpans etc. Except with each step lower, the amount of land went down too. This land distribution was suppose to help the Indian economy prosper. Yet if a group of Indians came to another tribes land since they did not have an alloted amount, then they would be given the same privliages and recources to become American citizens to get their jobs paid by the federal government. Even with all this effort to help the Indians, in the end it did not. In ruined the unity, culture, and self government that the Indians possessed. And over time, most of the land belonged to whites anyways because the land was used as negotiations. 

LAD #23: The Populist Party Platform

The Populist Party Platform

This party was all started because of the big business and laissez faire government. This is because this created the major gap between the rich and the poor. This gap proved important the party because one of the main ideas of it was the idea that silver should be added back into the money system. This silver was very important for the farmers so many of the poor farmers were more in favor of this party. The party had three main goals or ideas. One, that a permanent labor union would be provided for all workers. Two, there could be no industrial giants whom would take the employees money for them selves. And three, the railroads would be made property of the people by being under government control rather than business. They also believe they will create a graduated income tax, improve transportation, repossess the land of the big businesses to the government for the people. And then the platform ended with a list of Sentiments demanding the government, big businesses to do things and that the people must get sympathy from them.

LAD #24: Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech

Bryans Cross of Gold Speech

This was one of the most important speeches in America and was given by a great speaker named William Jennings Bryan. It was at the 1896 Democratic National Convention. In this speech he talked highly of the use of gold and silver in thebacking of the nations currency, known as bimettalism. He then explained that this would help the farmers because having only gold made it so that there was less money circulating since gold meant more. But if there was silver, it is worth less than gold, therefore more money in circulation. This would help farmers and others get out of debt and reduce the deflation happening at the time. Bryan viewed himself as a supporter of the western interests, and the people he was speaking too believed and supported what he was saying because they were being soo loud. Yet although his great speech, he lost the nomination for presidency in this election. 

LAD #22: McKinley's War Message

McKinley's War Message

McKinleys War Message was all started because of the way the Spanish were treating the Cubans. The war and struggle was going on there and America decided it was time to intervene and help the Cubans. The Americans were so intrigued in declaring war on spain that they did not even listen to the Spanish who were starting to settle the dispute. This is where his message came in. Before Congress was able to declare war, McKinley gives a speech. He starts off with three reasons why America should be involved including problems with immigrants. Then he talks about the role America could take in it by either becoming neutral or helpful to both sides or choosing an ally. He says we should go in as a neutral party because these problems are affecting the whole world because of trade and neighboring countries interfering. There is also the reason of the shipping of the USS Maine. This speech was finished with him allowing Congress to declare war if necessary but he says that Spain would most likely come to an agreement with the U.S. Congress ignored this and war was declared 5 days later.